Active Ingredient: Phosphine
Human Health Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Documents and Activities

• Name: Phosphine
• DPR Chemical Code: 3541
• Chemical Class: Inorganic Phosphine
• Pesticide Types Registered: Insecticide, Vertebrate Control
• Fumigant: Yes
• California Restricted Material: Yes
• Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC): Yes
• Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Regulations: No
• Potential Groundwater Contaminant: No
• Reevaluation: Not applicable

• Name: Aluminum Phosphide
• DPR Chemical Code: 484
• Chemical Class: Inorganic Phosphine
• Pesticide Types Registered: Insecticide, Vertebrate Control
• Fumigant: Yes
• California Restricted Material: Yes
• Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC): Yes
• Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Regulations: No
• Potential Groundwater Contaminant: No
• Reevaluation: Not applicable

• Name: Magnesium Phosphide
• DPR Chemical Code: 2085
• Chemical Class: Inorganic Phosphine
• Pesticide Types Registered: Insecticide, Vertebrate Control
• Fumigant: Yes
• California Restricted Material: Yes
• Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC): Yes
• Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Regulations: No
• Potential Groundwater Contaminant: No
• Reevaluation: Not applicable

Risk Characterization Documents (RCDs) estimate the nature and likelihood of adverse health effects in humans who may be exposed to pesticides.

• June 2014 – Risk Characterization Document (PDF)
  • June 2014 – Exposure Assessment Document (PDF)

Other Documents

• June 2016 – Recommendations Concerning Site Location and Building of a Fumigation Chamber in Stanislaus County (PDF)
• March 2015 – Results from Consultation with Fresno CAC Concerning Proposed Use of Phosphine for Bin Treatment of Nuts and Grain in Proximity to a Sensitive Site (PDF)
• July 2013 – Inhalation of Phosphine Gas Following a Fire Associated With Fumigation of Processed Pistachio Nuts (PDF)
• March 2012 – Worksite Evaluation and Priority Illness Investigation Following a Phosphide Fire at a Kern County Commodity Processing Facility: Observations and Recommendations (PDF)
• June 2010 – Report on Air Monitoring of the Application of Phosphine in Merced County in December 2008 (PDF)
  • Appendix A-F (PDF)
• January 2008 – An Overview of Phosphine-Generating Pesticides Used in California in 2005 (PDF)
• January 2008 – Review of an Improved Version of a Phosphine Gas Generator (PDF)
• January 2005 – Consultation on Paramount Facility and their Use of Phosphine Gas (PDF)
• December 2004 – Consultation on Woolf-Harris Facility and their Use of Phosphine Gas (PDF)
• September 2004 – Industrial Hygiene Assessment of a Nut-Processing Facility in Stanislaus County (PDF)
• June 2004 – Results from Meeting with Stanislaus CAC at Sun Valley Nut Company In Turlock (PDF)
• February 2004 – Review of Proposed Fumitoxin Label (Tracking ID# 204014) (PDF)
• October 2003 – Evaluation of the Use of Phosphine Gas in a Kern County Nut-Processing Facility (PDF)
• January 1998 – Illnesses and Injuries Associated with Exposures to Phosphine and Phosphine Degradation Products (PDF)
• March 1983 – Monitoring Environmental Levels of Phosphine at a Rice Fumigation Site in Sacramento County, November 1982 (PDF)

• June 2015 – Scoping Mitigation Document (PDF)
• May 2008 – Proposed Amendment to Title 3 CCR Section 6400 to Include "Phosphine Gas" and "Magnesium Phosphide" in the Restricted Materials List (PDF)

Enforcement Letters

• December 2014 – ENF 2014-25 - Update to Volume 3, Restricted Materials and Permitting, Pesticide Use Enforcement Program Standards Compendium, Including Aluminum and Magnesium Phosphide for Burrowing Rodent Control Recommended Permit Conditions
• December 2012 – ENF 2012-22 - Updates to Volume 3, Restricted Materials and Permitting Compendium, Including Aluminum and Magnesium Phosphide for Burrowing Rodent Control
• April 2011 – ENF 2011-11 - Update: Aluminum and Magnesium Phosphide Rodenticides/New Approved Labeling Amendments and Questions and Answers
• May 2006 – ENF 2006-010 - Fumitoxin® Label Interpretation

• December 2014 – Notice of Completion of Comprehensive Human Health Risk Assessment for the Active Ingredient Phosphine
• January 2007 – Notice to Pesticide Registrants Regarding Initiation of Risk Assessment Process for the Active Ingredient Phosphine

• Pesticide Product Database
• Human Health Assessment Branch Memos
• Human Health Assessment Branch Publications, Posters/Abstracts and Presentations
• Worker Health and Safety Reports and Memos
• Environmental Monitoring Branch Publications
  • Environmental Fate Reviews
• Air Monitoring Network
• Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR)
• California Pesticide Illness Query (CalPIQ)
• Environmental Justice (EJ)
• OEHHA Proposition 65 Information
• U.S. EPA Pesticide Chemical Search
• PubChem-Chemical Information