Active Ingredient: S,S,S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate (Tribufos, DEF, Folex)
Human Health Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Documents and Activities

Risk Characterization Documents (RCDs) estimate the nature and likelihood of adverse health effects in humans who may be exposed to pesticides.

• March 2004 – Risk Characterization Document, Revision No. 1 (PDF)
• December 2000 – Human Exposure Assessment (PDF)
• Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC) Assessment
  • October 1999 – Executive Summary (PDF)
  • October 1999 – Part A: Environmental Fate (PDF)
  • October 1999 – Part B: Exposure Assessment (PDF)
  • October 1999 – Part C: Health Assessment (PDF)
  • June 1999 – Director's Determination (PDF)
  • April 1999 – Scientific Review Panel's Findings (PDF)
• November 1998 – Risk Characterization Document (PDF)

Other Documents

• February 2000 – A Dermal/Intravenous Crossover Study to Determine the Dermal Absorption of [14C]-DEF 6 (S, S, S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate) in Male Rhesus Monkeys
• November 1993 – Use Pattern of DEF for Defoliation of Cotton (PDF)
• August 1990 – Estimation of Exposure of Persons in California to Pesticide Products that Contain Tribufos (DEF) (PDF)
• December 1988 – Pilot Analysis of DEF in Air (PDF)
• October 1984 – Potential Exposure of Workers to Selected Pesticides and Defoliants While Harvesting Cotton in Imperial Valley (PDF)
• April 1983 – Determination of Airborne Residues from Four Harvest Aid Chemicals (DEF, Folex, Cacodylates, and Paraquat) at Treated San Joaquin Valley Cotton Field Sites, as a Measure of Potential Human Exposure (PDF)
• February 1981 – Monitoring of Potential Exposures of Mixer-loaders, Pilots, and Flaggers During Application of Tributyl Phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and Tributyl Phosphorotrithioite (folex) to Cotton Fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California in 1979 (PDF)
• September 1980 – Industrial Hygiene Report of Mechanical Cotton Picker Operator Exposure to DEF at Belridge Farms (PDF)
• September 1980 – Industrial Hygiene Report of Mechanical Cotton Picker Operator Exposure to DEF at Valley Picking Company (PDF)
• September 1980 – Industrial Hygiene Report of Mechanical Cotton Picker Operator Exposure to DEF at Schletz Brothers (PDF)
• September 1980 – Industrial Hygiene Report of Mechanical Cotton Picker Operator Exposure to DEF at Garrett & Garrett (PDF)
• September 1980 – Industrial Hygiene Report of Mechanical Cotton Picker Operator Exposure to DEF at Harold O'Banion Farming (PDF)
• March 1980 – Drift Studies From the Aerial Application of DEF and Folex in Fresno and Merced Counties, California 1979 (PDF)
• January 1978 – Human Health and Safety Problems with Phosphate Cotton Defoliants in California with Emphasis on 1976 and 1977 (PDF)
• October 1977 – Summary of Observations Made in California Concerning Illnesses of Persons Living, Working or Going to School on Property near a Cotton Field Recently Sprayed with a Defoliant (PDF)
• March 1977 – A Study of the Decay Rate of DEF and Folex as a Foliar Spray on Cotton in Kern County, California, September 1975 (PDF)
• January 1976 – Summary of Observations Made in 1975 Concerning Alleged Human Illness Problems of Persons Living, Working, or Going to School on Property near a Cotton Field Recently Sprayed with a Defoliant (PDF)
• October 1975 – Decline of DEF and Folex Residue on Cotton Fields in Kern and Tulare Counties (PDF)

RMDs identify pesticide exposures that require mitigation in order to further protect human health.

• July 2005 – Risk Management Directive (PDF)

• March 2015 – Recommended Permit Conditions (PDF)
• January 2002 – Mitigation (PDF)
• November 2000 – WH&S Branch Activities and Results of Analyses Related to the Investigation of 49-KER-99 (Project 9905) (PDF)
• September 1999 – Mitigation Proposal for Tribufos (DEF) (PDF)
• April 1999 – DEF Mitigation Measures-Conference Call Summary

Enforcement Letters

• June 2000 – ENF 2000-026 - Label Interpretations and Permit Conditions for the use of S, S, S-Tributylphosphorotrithioate (Tribufos)

• Pesticide Product Database
• Human Health Assessment Branch Memos
• Human Health Assessment Branch Publications, Posters/Abstracts and Presentations
• Worker Health and Safety Reports and Memos
• Environmental Monitoring Branch Publications
  • Environmental Fate Reviews
• Air Monitoring Network
• Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR)
• California Pesticide Illness Query (CalPIQ)
• Environmental Justice (EJ)
• OEHHA Proposition 65 Information
• U.S. EPA Pesticide Chemical Search
• PubChem-Chemical Information